Introduction:
Vegetable Cultivation or Olericulture is a part of Horticulture and deals with vegetables production technology and its improvement. In India, from a subsistence farming scale at
the beginning of the last century, Vegetable production has harvested to a
commercial production status now, especially in vegetable crops like potato, tomato
and onion. This transformation has been mainly induced by progressive increase
in country’s population (now at 1.21 billion) and the resultant increase in
market demand chiefly from the middle income segment of the population. Also a
greater awareness is evident of nutritional and nutraceutical properties of
vegetables among the urban and semi-urban dwellers, who consume nearly 70% of
the total production. Such trends have induced the farmers to go for off-season
production, improved road transportation and telecommunication facilities, has
promoted long-distance haulage of vegetables to distant terminal markets. All
these market forces have brought about the round-the-year availability and
consumption of most of the vegetables. This has led to the seasonality in
vegetable Production and Consumption, very much less pronounced, mainly in urban
markets.
Present status of Vegetables in India:
India is the second largest producer of the vegetable in the world, ranks only after China. India produces about 10.6% of total production of vegetables in the world with a quantity of 121.02 Million MT according to the FAO database (2015). China produces 583.7 Million MT of Vegetables with a share of 51.3% of total world vegetable production. According to the NHB, annual growth for the year 2016-17 over 2016-16, the area for vegetables increased about 1.8% while the production growth was recorded as much as 3.5%. It was also noticed that the percentage share of the vegetables among other Horticultural Crops increased about 59.3% in 2016-17 from 59.1%in 2015-16. Among total Horticultural Output value (3705.’00 Crore), total Fruits and Vegetables alone occupies 2863.’00 Crore, which is remarkable. Reckoning this, the Govt. of India has increased its budget 2329.13 Crore in Annual Plant 2017-18.
India has 4.6% area under vegetable among the total cropped area and among the total area under Vegetables maximum area share comes under Potato. India exhibits total area of 10290 THa under vegetables where Production occupies 175008 TMT with a productivity of 17.01 MT/Ha. According to S.K. Malhotra, Horticulture Commissioner, DAC, Govt. of India, highest productivity for vegetables is occupied by Spain with a productivity of 36.9 MT/Ha. Though, to be fair productivity depends on various factors like soil, environment, climate, technologies for production etc. India’s average productivity is quite low among other countries.
Area-Production Statistics:
Vegetables
|
2016-17
|
2017-18
|
2017-18
|
|||
1st Estimate
|
2nd Estimate
|
|||||
Area
|
Prod
|
Area
|
Prod
|
Area
|
Prod
|
|
Beans
|
198
|
2012
|
197
|
1977
|
191
|
1911
|
Bittergourd
|
95
|
1030
|
93
|
1063
|
106
|
1069
|
Bottlegourd
|
153
|
2529
|
158
|
2677
|
160
|
2683
|
Brinjal
|
733
|
12510
|
729
|
12616
|
732
|
12668
|
Cabbage
|
395
|
8807
|
400
|
8972
|
403
|
9011
|
Capsicum
|
24
|
306
|
24
|
321
|
24
|
297
|
Carrot
|
86
|
1350
|
88
|
1446
|
90
|
1487
|
Cauliflower
|
454
|
8557
|
459
|
8805
|
460
|
8792
|
Cucumber
|
74
|
1142
|
76
|
1217
|
130
|
1550
|
Watermelon
|
91
|
2182
|
92
|
2237
|
96
|
2321
|
Chillies (Green)
|
316
|
3634
|
311
|
3761
|
277
|
3013
|
Elephant Foot Yam
|
29
|
748
|
29
|
555
|
30
|
797
|
Mushroom
|
182
|
441
|
182
|
432
|
0
|
469
|
Okra/Ladyfinger
|
507
|
6003
|
501
|
5972
|
506
|
6073
|
Onion
|
1306
|
22427
|
1196
|
21402
|
1315
|
21838
|
Parwal/Pointed gourd
|
18
|
268
|
20
|
325
|
19
|
303
|
Peas
|
530
|
5345
|
540
|
5427
|
543
|
5425
|
Potato
|
2179
|
48605
|
2176
|
49344
|
2153
|
50327
|
Radish
|
203
|
2898
|
209
|
3174
|
208
|
3197
|
Pumpkin/Sitaphal/Kaddu
|
74
|
1664
|
76
|
1709
|
59
|
1337
|
Sweet Potato
|
128
|
1460
|
131
|
1465
|
133
|
1494
|
Tapioca
|
199
|
4171
|
190
|
3627
|
210
|
4073
|
Tomato
|
797
|
20708
|
801
|
22337
|
784
|
22073
|
Others
|
1558
|
21557
|
1584
|
22059
|
1614
|
22149
|
Total Vegetables
|
10238
|
178172
|
10172
|
180684
|
10147
|
182034
|
Source:
NHB *Area in ‘000 Ha (THa) &
Production in ‘000 MT (TMT)
According
to the NHB databook of 2015-16 highest area under Vegetable was under UP
(26407.34 in THa) and highest producer was West Bengal with 25500.61 TMT.
Crop
wise highest Producing states (According 2016-17-Provisional)
Crop
|
State
|
Production (‘000 MT)
|
With Area (‘000 Ha)
|
Beans
|
Gujarat
|
719.11
|
69.63
|
Bottle Gourd
|
Bihar
|
637.92
|
40.70
|
Brinjal
|
West Bengal
|
3019.00
|
162.93
|
Cabbage
|
West Bengal
|
2271.00
|
79.13
|
Capsicum
|
Karnataka
|
81.67
|
4.13
|
Carrot
|
Haryana
|
28.05
|
420.50
|
Cauliflower
|
West Bengal
|
74.20
|
1899.58
|
Cucumber
|
Haryana
|
15.85
|
205.62
|
Chilli (Green)
|
Karnataka
|
45.43
|
607.94
|
Muskmelon
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
20.45
|
531.52
|
Okra
|
West Bengal
|
77.40
|
913.32
|
Onion
|
Maharashtra
|
471.66
|
6773.08
|
Peas
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
219.93
|
2496.20
|
Potato
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
611.15
|
13916.00
|
Radish
|
Haryana
|
33.04
|
532.85
|
Sweet Potato
|
Odisha
|
40.80
|
384.51
|
Cassava
|
Tamil Nadu
|
82.07
|
2603.22
|
Tomato
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
100.00
|
3102.00
|
Watermelon
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
13.07
|
588.54
|
States
with highest Productivity of some vegetables (According 2016-17-Provisional)
Crop
|
State
|
Productivity (MT/Ha)
|
Beans
|
Tamil Nadu
|
21.08
|
Brinjal
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
34.34
|
Cabbage
|
Tamil Nadu
|
54.25
|
Cauliflower
|
J&K
|
26.20
|
Okra
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
17.45
|
Onion
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
27.09
|
Peas
|
Jharkhand
|
22.27
|
Potato
|
Gujarat
|
31.58
|
Cassava
|
Tamil Nadu
|
31.72
|
Tomato
|
Himachal Pradesh
|
44.21
|
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